Tuesday, October 29, 2019

White-Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

White-Privilege - Essay Example ply believed as an outright fact that whites were superior, now this has become an insidious sociological norm that often goes completely unnoticed.To get rid of this delusional thought of white privilege, people must realize their equality with others. Firstly, a working definition of this invisible advantage needs to be understood to create a common ground for discussion. White privilege is the unremitting belief that this group has the only correct standards, morals, opinions etc. to the absolute exclusion of any other racial groups ideals or beliefs. In the enforcement of these standards greater and greater societal distances are built up between the white and the non-white racial groups. Consequently, this results in the constantly reinforced belief that whites deserve this extra "allocation of resources" and greater success because of some inherent superiority that they innately possess. All other groups are simply responsible for their own difficulties, which has nothing to do with any white privilege (Hays & Chang 135). It is held in firm belief that white privilege means that the white race is in a better social place than with other races. Presently and historically we see these racial attitudes represented in all levels of society and government as well as business and education. They are here personified by past President Thomas Jefferson. His thoughts on the subject are representational of the general beliefs held at the time. Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia and while the greater part of the book was devoted to the topography of the land and its bounty, one small section addressed the concerns of the politicians and the people of the state regarding its black community. It is interesting to note that at the time slavery was so accepted that that particular word, slavery, is no where to be found in this short section, this is merely taken as a fact, no need to mention it. This section turns into a mostly biological treatise that talks

Sunday, October 27, 2019

A Brief History Of Nerja History Essay

A Brief History Of Nerja History Essay Nerja is one of the popular tourist destinations on the Costa del Sol. Bordering the province of Granada, it is eastern-most town in the Axarquà ­a and is situated right at the foot of the Sierra de Almijara mountain range. This stretch of coastline is characterized by steep cliffs and some of Andalucias best beaches. History of Nerja Prehistoric History The Nerja caves are actually situated five kilometers from the town in the nearby village of Maro. Discovered as recently as 1959 they have provided a wealth of historical information. The caves were lived in during the Paleolithic era. Initially the caves were inhabitated by seasonal hunter-gathers, however towards the beginnings of the Bronze Age, about 6000 years ago, the settlement became more permanent with evidence of farming and animal rearing. The farming gradually became more sophisticated with the use of tools and simple pottery. The caves appear to have been abandoned some 3,000 years ago. Roman period Detunda The Romans had a settlement called Detunda around 1KM from the Nerja caves. Detunda appears to have been a relatively small town and used mainly as a resting place for soldiers and tradesmen moving between Malaga Almeria and Almeria and Jaen. The remains of a old Roman road, the Castulo-Malaca road, which linked the provinces of Jaen and Almeria are still clearly visible along with an old Roman bridge. Today one of Maros most famous landmarks. Moorish times The first written reference to Nerja came from the poet Said Al-Mugrabi, during the 10th century. The whole area was under the rule of Abderramà ¡n III, the Emir of Cordoba. Said Al-Mugradi referred to a small market town called Nerixa (meaning plentiful spring water) that was famed for its silk industry. Narixa silks were actually internationally renowned with documentary evidence pointing to their popularity in the markets of Damascus. This time period was characterised by its stability and wealth. The ruins of Narixa are still visible next to the old Frigiliana turnoff in a place called Castillo Alto. word Narixa which literally means abundant spring of water. In the year 917, during the period when Spain was occupied by the Moors, the Arabian poet, Ibn Saadi, wrote: Stretched on a carpet of magic colours, while sleep closed my eyes, Narixa, my Narixa, sprang from the flowers to bathe me in all her beauty. Christian times As the Moorish began to crumble during the latter part of the 15C, things took a dramatic turn for the inhabitants of Narixa/Nerja. In 1487, with the surrender of Velez to the Catholic monarchs, Nerja quickly sent envoys to render allegiance to the Spanish King and Queen. A few days after Pedro de Cordoba took possession of the town. The initial transition period was anything but smooth. The inhabitants of Nerja were forced to renounce their Muslim faith or be expelled. At the same time, there were increased Berber coastal raids from North Africa. Making living in the Coastal towns particularly dangerous. This period was characterised by a mass exodus of the local population. Many fled into the surrounding hills, around Frigiliana. The depopulation happened at such a fast rate that Juana la Loca ordered Nerja to be repopulated with long-time Christians from the Basque Country, Valencia, Galicia and Mà ¡laga itself. During the late 17th Century the area was heavily fortified. These fortifications proved sufficient to deter any major coastal raids until the beginnings of the 19th century. The British fleet destroyed most of these coastal fortifications during the Peninsula Wars 1808-1814, to avoid them falling into the hands of the French. One such installation was the La Bateria, a large gun battery that existed in a fortified tower standing where the where the Balcon de Europe is today. On Christmas day 1884 the whole of Andalucà ­a suffered a massive earthquake, with the epicentre near Granada Arenas de Rey. Much of Nerja was destroyed. Several weeks later King Alfonso XII visited Nerja to view the destruction for himself. He is said to have declared this the Balcon de Europa while visiting the site of the La Bateria. Documentary evidence has since proved that this title predated his visit. However the name and the Kings association with it has stuck. Indeed, there is a life statue of the King on todays Balcon de Europa. Modern day Nerja With the loss of Cuba from the Spanish Empire at the end of the 19th Century, the sugar industry began to take off in Spain. The Larios family from Malaga began to capitalise on the demand for sugar and its related products (distilled alcohol and molasses) and built a series of sugar mills along the Eastern Costa del Sol. During the early 20th Century sugar cane production was Nerjas chief industry. However with the increased growing of sugar beet in Northern Europe, the industry began to decline. More valuable cash crops began to dominate the local market, with tropical fruits such as mango and papaya becoming increasingly popular. The avocado was particularly in demand and the area is still one of the major avocado growing regions in Europe. Tourism was relatively late in coming to Nerja.   sugar cane  production has given way to more valuable cash crops, particularly semi-tropical fruits such as  mango  and  papaya  and widespread  avocadoplantations in what is one of the major avocado growing regions in Europe. the loss of Cuba from the Spanish Empire at the end of the 19th century helped to stimulate sugar production in Spain. There was still sufficient demand for sugar and the related products of molasses and distilled alcohol to encourage the Larios family from Mà ¡laga to build new sugar mills and irrigation structures. Examples of these factories, in what is now called the eastern Costa del Sol, can be found in  Nerja, Maro,  Frigiliana  and  Torrox. Read more at Suite101:  Sugar Cane Production and Sugar Mills in Andalucà ­a  http://www.suite101.com/content/sugar-cane-production-and-sugar-mills-in-andalucia-a276295#ixzz13XskeLrm During the early 20th Century sugar cane production was Nerjas chief industy. Sugar-cane production became popular for a while but this declined as the growing of sugarbeet increased in northern Europe. Avocado groves flourished, and still do, and the forced growing of salad foods under glass, then plastic,   provide a valuable contribution to the regional economy. in the age of Abderramà ¡n III (tenth century), in which he refers to this place as a city-sized farming community where fine silk products were produced. Ancient Narixa stood next to a fortress, whose ruins can still be seen in a place called Castillo Alto, next to the old Frigiliana turnoff. Occupation of Southern Spain by the Moors It was during the  occupation of much of Spain by the Moors from the 8th to the 15th century that the first  record of Nerja   appeared. An Arab poet wrote in the 10th century of Nerixa (meaning plentiful spring water) as a small well-run market town famous for its silks. Indeed, this era of Moorish rule brought a certain amount of stability and wealth to the region.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christian Purges The expulsion of the Muslins rulers from Iberia at the end of the 15th century led to widespread repression of the Andalusians by the Catholic authorities. The inhabitants of Nerja had to renounce their Muslim religion or be expelled. Many fled into the hills around Frigiliana, others followed as Berber raids from North Africa made coastal living increasingly unsafe. Nerja fell into decline despite repeated attempts to re-populate the area with Basques and other Catholics from northern Iberia, but farming continued on the surrounding plains. Fortification of Nerja Towers were constructed to fend off pirate Berber raids, and during the late 17th century a larger fortification was established on a coastal promontory in Nerja. This remained as a deterrent to erstwhile usurpers until the beginning of the 19th century. The Peninsular War (1808-1814) brought the British into conflict with Spain which, at the time, was largely under French control. In 1810, the British Fleet destroyed the defensive positions to prevent them falling under French control. The Earthquake On Christmas Day 1884 an earthquake occurred with an epicentre under Arenas de Rey near Granada. Flimsily constructed buildings were destroyed over a wide area and more than 800 people lost their lives. In early 1885 King Alfonso XII visited the area of devastation, and Nerja was included in his schedule.   He  promenaded the area known as  La Bateria, where the old fortress once stood, and remarked on the view from the promontory. The  Balcon de Europa were words associated with the King, although the term was probably in local use before his arrival. Nevertheless, in later years, it was to become a   valuable yarn for promoting tourism in Nerja. Tourism arrived in Nerja.slowly There was a gradual increase in tourism along the Costa del Sol during the early part of the 20th Century, but Nerja remained largely untouched. The small-scale fishing industry continued, and farming was the mainstay of the local community. Sugar-cane production became popular for a while but this declined as the growing of sugarbeet increased in northern Europe. Avocado groves flourished, and still do, and the forced growing of salad foods under glass, then plastic,   provide a valuable contribution to the regional economy. Occasional tourists filtered along the coast to Nerja during the 50s, and some stayed; but even in the 60s when cheap package-style tourism boomed, the coaches nearly all drove west from Malaga Airport. During the 80s, the penchant for second homes, especially amongst the British, led to a building boom. Fortunately, sensible planning permits, meant the excesses of high-rise development did not occur at Nerja. It is now a bustling town, with many second homes now becoming first homes, and a thriving ex-pat network exists. General Climate and Weather in Nerja The Sierra de Almijara rises to over 1800 metres to the north of Nerja, and this acts as  a formidable barrier to the cold northerly winds that  occasionally affect  much of the rest of Iberia during the winter months. Rainfall is largely absent during the summer months, and with a regular afternoon sea breeze, the heat of inland Spain is seldom experienced. In fact, a survey suggests, that this part of the Costa del Sol experiences the best all-year-round weather in Europe.   Around 6,000 years ago, domestication of livestock began to take place and primitive farming commenced aided by the production of simple pottery. The farming became more sophisticated and  evidence of locally produced textiles has been uncovered.  The caves appear to have been abandoned as dwelling places around 3,000 years ago. almost the Eastmostly town on in the Axarquia, with the province of Granada sitting t is the eastern-most town in the area known as the  Axarquà ­a Signs of the first human settlement in this municipality were discovered in the famous Cueva de Nerja (Nerja Cave) and belong to the Aurià ±aciense stage of the Upper Paleolithic period. Nothing is known of other civilisations that may have existed here until the period of Roman rule, when apparently a small settlement (Detunda) was established at present-day Maro. It should be noted that Maro is another population centre of Nerja, where the cliffs and the Nerja Cave itself are located. The first documented fact about the history of Nerja, however, appears in the writings of the poet Said Al-Mugrabi, in the age of Abderramà ¡n III (tenth century), in which he refers to this place as a city-sized farming community where fine silk products were produced. Ancient Narixa stood next to a fortress, whose ruins can still be seen in a place called Castillo Alto, next to the old Frigiliana turnoff. After the surrender of Và ©lez (1487), Nerja sent its envoys to that place to render allegiance to the Spanish king and queen and thus prevent bloodshed. A few days after that visit, Pedro de Cà ³rdoba took possession of the town in the name of the Catholic Monarchs. Under Christian rule, the town began to lose population, and in order to prevent greater abandonment Juana la Loca ordered Nerja to be repopulated with long-time Christians from the Basque Country, Valencia, Galicia and Mà ¡laga itself. In the late sixteenth century the first sugar mill was set up in Nerja and in the late eighteenth century a paper mill was in operation here, supplied with water from the River La Miel. This factory remained in operation until the early twentieth century. During the War of Independence, the English levelled the fortress that used to stand where the Balcà ³n de Europa is today, and also destroyed the port that had been adapted to handle coastal shipping. The name of the town comes from the Arabic Narixa, Naricha or Narija, which apparently derived from a pre-Roman name, and the translation abundant spring that some give for this word is still not very certain, although there are plenty of reasons to speak of an abundance of water in this municipality.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Bruce Lee :: essays research papers

Bruce Lee is one of the most well known martial artists in the world. Robert Clouse remembers his first meeting with Bruce Lee very vividly. Robert recalls that: â€Å"The first time he meet you, you’d expect him to shake hands but instead he’d step back and flick out his foot so fast you could feel the air move right at the tip of your nose. Then he’d take your hand and place it on his stomach. It was kind of his calling card.† Bruce Lee is known around the world as being one of the best marital artists ever. Throughout his entire career in martial arts, he only lost one fight. That fight occurred at the early age of only thirteen when he was attacked by a gang, and because of this he started training in the martial arts. At an early age, Bruce Lee was already in show business. He appeared in his first movie at the age of three months old. He then appeared in three movies at the age of six and later in childhood appeared in a few other films. However, his movie career did not end there. Later as an adult he stared in well known movies such as: Fists of Fury, The Chinese Connection, Return of the Dragon, and Enter the Dragon. Not only was he in the movies, but he also wrote and directed some of them. He also appeared on television many times. His biggest appearance on television was when he co-starred in the series called The Green Hornet. Now the thing about Bruce Lee is that he wasn’t just some stuntman/actor, he really knew martial arts and knew them almost to perfection. He started out training in Wing Chun Kung-Fu. Later on he started the first Jun Fan Kung-Fu institute in Seattle, a second one in Oakland, and the third one in Los Angeles. He also has trained some very well known fighters such Chuck Norris and Kareem Abdul Jabar. Not only did he train in Kung-Fu, but he also developed his own style of martial arts called Jeet Kune Do, which means â€Å"The art of the intercepting fist.† This style included techniques from all styles of fighting, such as: American Boxing, Thai Kick Boxing, and Japanese Karate. He wrote a couple books on his training and techniques in Kung-Fu and Jeet Kune Do. His most well known and mind blowing move is called the â€Å"One-Inch Punch,† this is where he would hold his arm straight out just an inch away from your body, and with a shrug of his shoulder, could knock a man straight across the ground.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Wal-Mart Case

Wall-Mart Stores During the time of this case, there are multiple organizational capabilities that took place within the continuous growing Wall-Mart stores during 2003 as well as the years that led up to the time of this case. From the beginning of the store and the vision of Sam Walton, he used all of the different criteria for the BRIO framework. Near the beginning of the creation of Wall-Mart, Sam Walton, the founder of Wall- Mart, had many visions and a clear sense of direction he was working with.Some examples of organization he had that put him above the rest was his sense of worth for the employees by calling them associates, and allowing all employees to be able to reach him on his home phone number. This created a sense of a strong company culture within the Wall-Mart community due to the founder's efforts at communication. He worked on making connections with his employees. This shows a sense of multiple things within the BRIO framework including Value because it portrays a charisma and a personality to the customers by how the company is run and how it treats its employers.A huge part in making the firm valuable in the eyes of consumers includes their slogan, â€Å"everyday low prices†. This is attractive to all consumers because it is the lowest price but yet, comparable to some of Its competitors. Wall-Mart has guaranteed that it is the lowest price because weekly It checks out Its competitors as well such as Smart and Target. This is one of the biggest factors when it comes to Wall-Mart because people shop when it is not only super cheap, but super convenient as well.Being able to have a department store with everything you could need while eater on adding a grocery market section to Wall-Mart raised prices and the number of shoppers there alone. It is convenient because you can go Into one store for almost all of your needs at the lowest price. A resource that is rare that Wall-Mart has Is the way It started up with the distribution which included buying more merchandise directly from the manufacturers. Initially, the scale of operations was a bit modest. After Wall-Mart grew into Superstructures, this was an initial resource and capability that was rare to what other competitors had as well.It grew sales dramatically from what it had initially as mentioned above because of the high convenience and ability to buy all of your needs out In one store. Militantly the form and Idea of buying high-volume at a low merchandising cost, and buying in bulk was so rare in the market and one of its first of its kind. Compared to Smart and Target though, Smart almost failed when trying to keep its prices as low as Wall-Mart. This in fact, leads right up to the point of how costly to imitate Wall-Mart can be when looking at the BRIO framework.To be costly to imitate Wall-Mart used a bit of the other things competitors and others were doing, and Integrated these things Into what Wall-Mart was already it was discussed how Walton wou ld head to other competitors to investigate different options. He would do this for details as even as minuet as how many cars competitors parking lots could fill. There was also room to create the Superstructure as well as ‘Neighborhood Markets' which are smaller division stores around the suburban areas to create a smaller more relative size to the community.These are to seen with any of the competitors and thus must be harder to imitate since they don't have the resources. Another source that Wall-Mart has taken the advantage, due to being costly for competitors to imitate over with in the past years around this case, is the ability to extend their hours of operation to some 24 hour Wall-Marts. There are no other department, supermarket, or neighborhood stores that do this because of the cost of keeping the store open. This along with the expansion not only around the U. S. , but also the expansion globally has put Wall-Mart ahead of the rest.Organized to capture value is d isplayed in multiple different areas when it comes to Wall-Mart. One of them that continued to grow from when the company first started was its investments in information technology. Compared to when it would take months to compare the inventory-taking lags decreased from months, to weeks, to very close to actual time due to the IT transformation. It automatically linked the distribution centers to computers in the stores and suppliers. This helped utilized the firms' resources and capabilities by being able to maintain a better log of inventory.Other specifics that Wall-Mart does to maintain an organized way to capture value is to put to practice the SOOT analysis. This helps put into perspective what the company has, and perhaps things it could improve on, on a regular basis. One last thing that stuck out to me for this subject was a Balanced Scorecard which is huge within the managing community. For example, this is used often in management to balance financial results, set objec ts, measures, targets, and initiatives in terms of learning and growth, business process, and lastly, the customers.The last thing that Wall-Mart has done to have more availability to organize the capture value is by making goals, setting plans and executing these plans. Making goals, planning and organizing are all essential in a productive and efficient business as big as Wall-Mart in these days today. Through all of these different steps, Wall-Mart has been and will continue to improve in ways which every growing company should. However, BRIO is definitely something that will help keep the absolute and competitive advantage above all the other competitors and it has since its beginning around the sass's.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Food Web Case Study Essay

A food web is a type of graph that depicts the relationship between the prey and the predators, also known as a system of food chains and how one another are related. This can be better explained as a connection in a community. Food webs are important because it is a direct illustration of the relationships among certain species within a certain community. Right away the graph will reveal the type of species, what they interact with, the structure in which the environment they are located, and show the relations between each species. Because it is called a food web, the name has already shown that the relationship that will be represented will be a relationship concerning food. Within any given food web, there can very possibly be more than one food chain located inside of the actual food web itself. The different types of food webs will pertain specifically to that environment only. Ecological interactions determine flow of the food web. Food webs will vary from simple to complex dependent on the type of food web being viewed. Competition â€Å"Animals need air to breathe as a source of food, to eat to provide certain minerals to provide some of the body’s needs and to drink (BioTopic.com, 2014).† Because the needs vary from one species to another, there comes the need to compete for many things for the need to survive. Even if this means that the species themselves are considered part of the food web as a meal for a larger species. With not only the competition to survive to make it out alive through another day, there is the need to create a family and also find a safe place to live (BioTopic.com, 2014). Because these animals have mates to take care of, children to feed, and the need to protect what is theirs comes a whole new definition of the word competition. Many competitors within the food chain can at times be after the same types of food, searching for the same type of shelter can cause  issues between not only species, but the living organisms that thrive within these eco systems like plants. Plants are also in need of resources (BioTopic.com, 2014). Although their needs will differ from most animals, they are constantly in need of oxygen during daylight hours. Oxygen for plants is a source of nutrients and energy that allow them to grow and thrive. Resources that animals compete for (BioTopic.com, 2014) 1.Food 2.Water 3.Space 4.The opportunity to mate Resources that plants compete for (BioTopic.com, 2014) 1.The food that animals waste 2.Some plants are pollinated by animals 3.Water, Light, Minerals Food Webs Source web is a type of food web in which one or more types of prey are eaten by their predators and so forth up the food web. A community web will reveal a connection of who eats who. Energy flow web is a type of food web that will depict the energy amongst the consumer of the energy, and the source in which the energy is coming from. A Sink web is a type of web that illustrates this prey eating another prey, and this prey eating the next prey, and the next prey eating the next prey. Paleecological web will visualize the ecosystem showing pictures that depict all the way back to fossil. A functional web will resemble in look to that of the community web. It will show the relations between connections of predator/prey, energy flows, the smaller food web within the web, and a predictable pattern for what type of species need what types of food and natural resources. The most common of the food web are the community web and the functional web. They are the types of webs that most users are more familiar with in terms of what they are called and what they entail. Boxicity Tropic Status Trophic levels depict how the producers, carnivores, and the herbivore have similar yet different types of feeding positions. The First level consist of the plants, the second level consist of the herbivores, carnivores are definitely in the third level and sometimes the fourth. When one species or organism is located in the food web, they are ultimately participating in food transfers. Which is food chain going from species to species, or organism to organism. Rose Plant > Aphids > Beetle > Chameleon > Hawk (Bcb.com, 2014). The example listed here is a great example to use because it shows one organism eating another. Real Life Applications †¢Animals that fertilize the grass. †¢Grass that uses sunlight to grow †¢Animals that eat grass, and in turn produce milk, meat, or their fur coat. †¢I use myself for my last example. I am a human being, located within my own food web. I eat food that come animals. I need the oxygen that omits from trees and plants to survive. I go to work every day to provide for my family so that I can feed them. When I am applying for a job I am in competition with others that are looking to take care of their families, therefore we are in competition with each other. I consume the natural resources that my eco system has to offer. I eat animals that in turn may eat other animals. The image above is also a real world depiction that relates a directed multi graph that is the food web to a real world scenario to better understand the relations in a mathematical way. References Bcb.com. Tropic levels. Retrieved on April 14. 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/ecology/trophics/troph.htm Biotopics.com. Competition. Retrieved on April 14, 2014. Retrieved From: http://www.biotopics.co.uk/newgcse/Competition.html Figures Retrieved From: www.googleimages.com file:///C:/Users/Green/Downloads/mth221_r2_food_webs_case_study.pdf McGuigan, Robert A. 13 Food Webs. Retrieved on April 14, 2014. Retrieved from: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073383090/299355/Apps_Ch13.pdf

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

How to Become a Better Negotiator Essays

How to Become a Better Negotiator Essays How to Become a Better Negotiator Essay How to Become a Better Negotiator Essay How to Become a Better Negotiator is composed into 9 chapters. Each chapter contains story examples, questions, tips, and discussion questions at the end of the chapter that serve as a review to help better improve a negotiators abilities. Moreover, Chapter 1: Win- Lose or Win-win, illustrates these types of negotiations. A Win-win resolution would be more effective in the long run. Relationships in this type of negotiation are of high importance as they can help create value through trade as they collaborate with each other on an agreement. Conversely, in a Win-Lose negotiation, the characteristics are hat a relationship with the other party is not of high importance. Each side is focused on a fixed price. The book uses a pie as an example to demonstrate how each party attempts to take as much as they can for themselves leaving the other side with a much smaller slice as possible. In Getting to Yes, they refer this type of negotiation to be Hard. The parties are adversaries and the goal is victory: I win, you lose, it is a type of positional bargaining of that can break the relationship between the two parties. Therefore, it puts the relationship to risk as the conditions of a allegations depend on the concessions being made. Chapter 2: Indispensable Concepts are the importance of having the three concepts of: alternatives and reserve price to prepare you for a negotiation. In reference to Getting to Yes, How to Become a Better Negotiator also introduces the theory of having an alternative called, BATAAN ( Best Alternative to a Negotiation Agreement) which employs the negotiator to bargain in a position with higher strength with confidence. Mutually, both books suggest that you should in advance prepare some alternatives that set a base to now when to walk away from a negotiation if it fails to give you what you want, and or if your alternative is better than the current negotiation being offered. Another concept introduced is to have a reserved price which should be your walk away price to a negotiation if it exceeds your limit. As a seller, you should come up with a numerical number before entering a negotiation that will be the lowest price you would accept a deal and a buyer should know what his highest price paid would be. This gives you an idea of how much you have available to haggle with. In Getting to Yes, they refer this concept as a Trip Wire standard; its like a bottom line which provides you with a margin in reserve. Chapter 3: Communication Styles introduces four different styles of which people usually fall in one or a few depending on the situation. The first style is Listeners theyre people orientated who take their time in making a decisions, good mediators and team builders, but they are not high risk orientated who are very enthusiastic with the concept of ideas. Their good energy is contagious, but they fail to implement ideas as they are impulsive people sidetracked y having fun. They also are known to change the subject when feeling stressed. The third style is Doers are less people orientated. They are very assertive, task orientated, and competitive. Their main problem is that they may be arrogant, not as good of a listener and often forget to reflect of their decisions before implementing them. The last style is Thinkers they are very detailed and take much longer to finalize a decision because they are trying to find the ideal solution. They can be repetitive at times, very serious and inflexible. This chapter helps guide a negotiator o identify what their core style is and how to improve it or tailor it to the competitors style in order to come too wise agreement. Chapter 4: Listening as a Primary Negotiating Skill. Listening is a highly important skill to have . Len order to be good listener, you need to be able to hear, interpret, evaluate and react. The author provides three quizzes that enable you to distinguish what level of a good listener fall in. In Getting to Yes, the author also focuses on listening in the Separate the People from the Problem chapter as their technique of listening permits you to understand here the person is coming from, sympathize with their emotions, and suggests paying attention and hearing what the opposing parties are telling you. They suggest a standard technique of repeating what the other party has shared with you such as, Did I understand correctly that you are saying..? . This demonstrated that they were being heard and understood. In How to Become a Better Negotiator, they too offer the similar technique of listening called Reflective Listening as they advise to paraphrase what the other party is saying to demonstrate that you were hearing them and to how that you understand. You may use reflective listening by stating l understand what you are saying and how you are feeling which not only shows sympathy, but also clears up any misinterpretations. Chapter 5 Managing Conflict illustrates a test in which the reader can identify what type of conflict style they have. The five styles are: 1- Withdrawal / Avoidance, when the issues are serious, 2-Smoothing Accommodations, when the issues are minor and damage to a relationship may be caused, 3-Compromising, ideal solution not needed and both parties have equal power. -Forcing/ Competition, immediate action needed and relationship is not highly important and Problem Solving/ Collaborative, parties have common goals, and a long term relationship is expected. Both books agree on the fact that conflict is a good thing and that it is beneficial as it allows people to speak on behalf of their feelings and leads to solutions in problem solving. Chapter 6 The Importance of Assertiveness starts off with a test to measure the level of assertiveness that you have as a person. This chapter is very important and newly provided information of which Getting to Yes does not touch upon in depth as this book does. It helps you to gather many strategies to work with conflicting people and situations. Confront Gently is the first assertive way to handle gentle confrontation by maintaining control of your emotions, maintain control of non-verbal, listen to your opposing party, and verbalize you future expectations by specifying the term, which Getting to Yes likes to say Be soft on the people and hard on the problem. Another tactic of showing Assertiveness of which Getting to Yes does not touch up on much is Saying ass is asked for unfair, unfeasible expectations by standing up to your interests and saying No. Another tactic that the book touches up on is how to Handle Your Anger and theirs. They suggest listening to the opposing party, allowing them to let off steam, demonstrate empathy, ask open-ended questions and maintain quiet if they are unreasonable. In Getting to Yes they introduce the philosophy of Negotiation Jujitsu, where you avoid pushing back, but instead exert strength by resisting their anger by exploring interests, inventing options for mutual gain along with listening to heir frustrations. The book also touches up on maintaining silence as a tactic for the other party to have the opportunity to recollect and clarify or retract from their unreasonable request or statement. Chapter 7 Prepare to Negotiate allows you to use the skills of negotiation that you have learned so far to prepare for a business deal. To prepare you need to identify issues and interest by Jotting them down on a piece of paper. Getting to Yes also has the similar strategy of writing down interests. The book goes into more detail of when during the negotiation to be clear and firm n your interests and to listen engagingly to the opposing parties interest to understand their needs, hopes, fears, and desires. It also states to ask questions as to why their interests are what they are. The combination of both books on interests is very informative. The other preparation tip that How to Become a Better Negotiator offers is to determine your BATAAN and a reserve price. Chapter 8 Doing the Deal touches up on the steps and tactics of doing a deal. The first step Getting to Know Each Other to take the time before and after to get to know each other to get a better understanding of what their interests may be. Other steps are expressing disagreement and conflict (as was talked about it chapter 6 on how to address), Reassessing, Compromising and Reaching Agreement. A tactic that the book offers during a negotiation process is Framing Issues that people use as a framework to draw out reality. In Getting to Yes they identify this as Using Objectives and Criteria to discuss on the merits. They use a set of standards such as market value, book value, comparative price to make a deal appear fair and reasonable. Another tactic offered by How to Become a Better Negotiator is offering alternative deals of which Getting to Yes also uses as to use collaboration from the opposing party come up with other creative suggestions to finalize a deal. A tactic that I have not read yet in Getting to Yes is how to deal with Using Time to Advantage. If you have taken the time to ask questions and listen to the opposing parties interest and if you know they are in a limited in time to close a deal, you could use that to your advantage. The book uses an example of purchasing a home from a seller who is pressed on time and how o tactically get them to close the deal quickly. The final chapter 9 Common Pitfalls is great ending chapters on how to deal with different types of negotiation you are to encounter and how to deal with typical negotiation mistakes. You have realistic story examples of dealing with The Hardball Bargainer, Take it or Leave it The Temper Tantrum (of which Getting to Yes does as well). One of the many mistakes it points out is having a big ego and when negotiation fails to find and arbitrator or mediator. Getting to Yes also recommends to introduce a third party to focus on interest, options and criteria to help reach an agreement in the What if They Wont Play chapter. In resolution, How to Become a Better Negotiator has been a pleasure to to add to my pallet of preparing for negotiations. The top 3 major lessons that I plan to use in the future are, 1: Plan ahead of time and come up with a BATAAN as well as a reserved price. This will enable me to gain confidence and help me understand exactly where I stand in a negotiation. 2: During a negotiation I want to become a better listener and ask key questions which will help me get to know my opponents interest and understand how they feel. It is key that I maintain quite at all times when the other party is speaking and to paraphrase when they are done so that they know that I heard them so there wont be any misunderstanding. 3-The final lesson I learned was to be more assertive and know how to use it to my advantage. Sometimes paraphrasing what the other party has said or even asking questions as to why they set a price or how they came up with their decision and if their response is unrealistic, unreasonable, or unfair to maintain quiet for a sometime. This is an excellent strategy which I cannot wait to implement.

Monday, October 21, 2019

The eNotes Blog The Magic of MarquezRemains

The Magic of MarquezRemains Many of you have probably already read the sad news this week that celebrated Colombian author Gabriel Garcia Marquez is suffering from dementia. At the age of 85, it is apparent that the Nobel Prize winner’s career is for all intensive purposes at an end. The accounts of this news have already lamented that his memoirs will likely remain unfinished, and noted the sad foreshadowing laid out by the opening of One Hundred Years of Solitude (the novel deals with a family struggling to care for its patriarch, also suffering from dementia), so I will not comment anymore on that. Instead, I decided to take a look back at an old interview with the author at the height of his magical realist powers. What I found was a conversation printed in a 1981 edition of The Paris Review, just before Garcia Marquez won the Nobel Prize. In it, I was surprised to read the writer’s perception of the role reality takes in his work, and the influence journalism has had on his career in fiction. The author even comments on what it would be like to win the Nobel Prize (â€Å"a catastrophe†amusing, given that he won it less than a year later) and details his plans for the future. In all, the interview reminds us that Gabriel Garcia Marquez and his work are still very much with us. He may never write another word, but the magic of his work will always remainready to be discovered anew, as I found hereand that is what I choose to remember now in the face of this sad news. Below are some interesting excerpts from the authors conversation with The Paris Review. On how he began writing: One night a friend lent me a book of short stories by Franz Kafka. I went back to the pension where I was staying and began to read  The Metamorphosis. The first line almost knocked me off the bed. I was so surprised. The first line reads, â€Å"As Gregor Samsa awoke that morning from uneasy dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect. . . .† When I read the line I thought to myself that I didn’t know anyone was allowed to write things like that. If I had known, I would have started writing a long time ago. So I immediately started writing short stories. How he developed the writing style of magical realism by way of his grandmother’s storytelling: What was most important was the expression she had on her face. She did not change her expression at all when telling her stories, and everyone was surprised. In previous attempts to write  One Hundred Years of Solitude, I tried to tell the story without believing in it. I discovered that what I had to do was believe in them myself and write them with the same expression with which my grandmother told them: with a brick face. On the surprisingly close relationship he believed his work shared with reality and journalism: In journalism just one fact that is false prejudices the entire work. In contrast, in fiction one single fact that is true gives legitimacy to the entire work. That’s the only difference, and it lies in the commitment of the writer. A novelist can do anything he wants so long as he makes people believe in it†¦ Pablo Neruda has a line in a poem that says â€Å"God help me from inventing when I sing.† It always amuses me that the biggest praise for my work comes for the imagination, while the truth is that there’s not a single line in all my work that does not have a basis in reality. The problem is that Caribbean reality resembles the wildest imagination. †¦ many people believe that I’m a writer of fantastic fiction, when actually I’m a very realistic person and write what I believe is the true socialist realism. When asked about his ambitions and regrets, he responds: I was asked the other day if I would be interested in the Nobel Prize, but I think that for me it would be an absolute catastrophe. I would certainly be interested in deserving it, but to receive it would be terrible. It would just complicate even more the problems of fame. The only thing I really regret in life is not having a daughter. Looking towards the future: I’m absolutely convinced that I’m going to write the greatest book of my life, but I don’t know which one it will be or when. When I feel something like this- which I have been feeling now for a while- I stay very quiet, so that if it passes by I can capture it.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know

The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The two biggest challenges of ACT Math are the time crunch- the math test has 60 questions in 60 minutes!- and the fact that the test doesn’t provide you with any formulas. All the formulas and math knowledge for the ACT comes from what you’ve learned and memorized. In this complete list of critical formulas you'll need on the ACT, I'll lay out every formula you must have memorized before test day, as well as explanations for how to use them and what they mean. I'll also show you which formulas you should prioritize memorizing (the ones that are needed for multiple questions) and which ones you should memorize only when you've got everything else nailed down tight. Already Feeling Overwhelmed? Does the prospect of memorizing a bunch of formulas make you want to run for the hills? We've all been there, but don't throw in the towel just yet! The good news about the ACT is that it is designed to give all test-takers a chance to succeed. Many of you will already be familiar with most of these formulas from your math classes. The formulas that show up on the test the most will also be most familiar to you. Formulas that are only needed for one or two questions on the test will be least familiar to you. For example, the equation of a circle and logarithm formulas only ever show up as one question on most ACT math tests. If you’re going for every point, go ahead and memorize them. But if you feel overwhelmed with formula lists, don’t worry about it- it’s only one question. So let’s look at all the formulas you absolutely must know before test day (as well as one or two that you can figure out yourself instead of memorizing yet another formula). Algebra Linear Equations Functions There will be at least five to six questions on linear equations and functions on every ACT test, so this is a very important section to know. Slope Slope is the measure of how a line changes. It’s expressed as: the change along the y-axis/the change along the x-axis, or $\rise/\run$. Given two points, $A(x_1,y_1)$, $B(x_2,y_2)$, find the slope of the line that connects them: $$(y_2 - y_1)/(x_2 - x_1)$$ Slope-Intercept Form A linear equation is written as $y=mx+b$ m is the slope and b is the y-intercept (the point of the line that crosses the y-axis) A line that passes through the origin (y-axis at 0), is written as $y=mx$ If you get an equation that is NOT written this way (i.e. $mx−y=b$), re-write it into $y=mx+b$ Midpoint Formula Given two points, $A(x_1,y_1)$, $B(x_2,y_2)$, find the midpoint of the line that connects them: $$((x_1 + x_2)/2, (y_1 + y_2)/2)$$ Good to Know Distance Formula Find the distance between the two points $$√{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$ You don’t actually need this formula, as you can simply graph your points and then create a right triangle from them. The distance will be the hypotenuse, which you can find via the pythagorean theorem Logarithms There will usually only be one question on the test involving logarithms. If you’re worried about having to memorize too many formulas, don’t worry about logs unless you’re trying for a perfect score. $log_bx$ asks â€Å"to what power does b have to be raised to result in x?† Most of the time on the ACT, you’ll just need to know how to re-write logs $$log_bx=y = b^y=x$$ $$log_bxy=log_bx+log_by$$ $$log_b{x/y} = log_bx - log_by$$ Statistics and Probability Averages The average is the same thing as the mean Find the average/mean of a set of terms (numbers) $$\Mean = {\sum\of\the\terms}/{\the\number(\amount)\of\different\terms}$$ Find the average speed $$\Speed = {\total\distance}/{\total\time}$$ May the odds be ever in your favor. Probabilities Probability is a representation of the odds of something happening. A probability of 1 is guaranteed to happen. A probability of 0 will never happen. $${\Probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\anâ€Å'\outcomeâ€Å'\happening}={\numberâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\desiredâ€Å'\outcomes}/{\total\number\of\possible\outcomes}$$ Probability of two independent outcomes both happening is $$\Probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\eventâ€Å'\A*\probabilityâ€Å'\ofâ€Å'\event\B$$ e.g., Event A has a probability of $1/4$ and event B has a probability of $1/8$. The probability of both events happening is: $1/4 * 1/8 = 1/32$. There is a 1 in 32 chance of both events A and event B happening. Combinations The possible amount of different combinations of a number of different elements A â€Å"combination† means the order of the elements doesn’t matter (i.e. a fish entree and a diet soda is the same thing as a diet soda and a fish entree) Possible combinations = number of element A * number of element B * number of element C†¦. e.g. In a cafeteria, there are 3 different dessert options, 2 different entree options, and 4 drink options. How many different lunch combinations are possible, using one drink, one, dessert, and one entree? The total combinations possible = 3 * 2 * 4 = 24 Percentages Find x percent of a given number n $$n(x/100)$$ Find out what percent a number n is of another number m $$(100n)/m$$ Find out what number n is x percent of $$(100n)/x$$ The ACT is a marathon. Remember to take a break sometimes and enjoy the good things in life. Puppies make everything better. Geometry Rectangles Area $$\Area=lw$$ l is the length of the rectangle w is the width of the rectangle Perimeter $$\Perimeter=2l+2w$$ Rectangular Solid Volume $$\Volume = lwh$$ h is the height of the figure Parallelogram An easy way to get the area of a parallelogram is to drop down two right angles for heights and transform it into a rectangle. Then solve for h using the pythagorean theorem Area $$\Area=lh$$ (This is the same as a rectangle’s lw. In this case the height is the equivalent of the width) Triangles Area $$\Area = {1/2}bh$$ b is the length of the base of triangle (the edge of one side) h is the height of the triangle The height is the same as a side of the 90 degree angle in a right triangle. For non-right triangles, the height will drop down through the interior of the triangle, as shown in the diagram. Pythagorean Theorem $$a^2 + b^2 = c^2$$ In a right triangle, the two smaller sides (a and b) are each squared. Their sum is the equal to the square of the hypotenuse (c, longest side of the triangle) Properties of Special Right Triangle: Isosceles Triangle An isosceles triangle has two sides that are equal in length and two equal angles opposite those sides. An isosceles right triangle always has a 90 degree angle and two 45 degree angles. The side lengths are determined by the formula: x, x, x√2, with the hypotenuse (side opposite 90 degrees) having a length of one of the smaller sides * √2. E.g., An isosceles right triangle may have side lengths of 12, 12, and 12√2. Properties of Special Right Triangle: 30, 60, 90 Degree Triangle A 30, 60, 90 triangle describes the degree measures of its three angles. The side lengths are determined by the formula: x, x√3, and 2x. The side opposite 30 degrees is the smallest, with a measurement of x. The side opposite 60 degrees is the middle length, with a measurement of x√3. The side opposite 90 degree is the hypotenuse, with a length of 2x. For example, a 30-60-90 triangle may have side lengths of 5, 5√3, and 10. Trapezoids Area Take the average of the length of the parallel sides and multiply that by the height. $$\Area = [(\parallel\side\a + \parallel\side\b)/2]h$$ Often, you are given enough information to drop down two 90 angles to make a rectangle and two right triangles. You’ll need this for the height anyway, so you can simply find the areas of each triangle and add it to the area of the rectangle, if you would rather not memorize the trapezoid formula. Trapezoids and the need for a trapezoid formula will be at most one question on the test. Keep this as a minimum priority if you're feeling overwhelmed. Circles Area $$\Area=Ï€r^2$$ Ï€ is a constant that can, for the purposes of the ACT, be written as 3.14 (or 3.14159) Especially useful to know if you don’t have a calculator that has a $Ï€$ feature or if you're not using a calculator on the test. r is the radius of the circle (any line drawn from the center point straight to the edge of the circle). Area of a Sector Given a radius and a degree measure of an arc from the center, find the area of that sector of the circle. Use the formula for the area multiplied by the angle of the arc divided by the total angle measure of the circle. $$Area\of\an\arc = (Ï€r^2)(\degree\measure\of\center\of\arc/360)$$ Circumference $$\Circumference=2Ï€r$$ or $$\Circumference=Ï€d$$ d is the diameter of the circle. It is a line that bisects the circle through the midpoint and touches two ends of the circle on opposite sides. It is twice the radius. Length of an Arc Given a radius and a degree measure of an arc from the center, find the length of the arc. Use the formula for the circumference multiplied by the angle of the arc divided by the total angle measure of the circle (360). $$\Circumference\of\an\arc = (2Ï€r)(\degree\measure\center\of\arc/360)$$ Example: A 60 degree arc has $1/6$ of the total circle's circumference because $60/360 = 1/6$ An alternative to memorizing the â€Å"formulas† for arcs is to just stop and think about arc circumferences and arc areas logically. If you know the formulas for the area/circumference of a circle and you know how many degrees are in a circle, put the two together. If the arc spans 90 degrees of the circle, it must be $1/4$th the total area/circumference of the circle, because $360/90 = 4$. If the arc is at a 45 degree angle, then it is $1/8$th the circle, because $360/45 = 8$. The concept is exactly the same as the formula, but it may help you to think of it this way instead of as a â€Å"formula† to memorize. Equation of a Circle Useful to get a quick point on the ACT, but don’t worry about memorizing it if you feel overwhelmed; it will only ever be worth one point. Given a radius and a center point of a circle $(h, k)$ $$(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2$$ Cylinder $$\Volume=Ï€r^2h$$ Trigonometry Almost all the trigonometry on the ACT can be boiled down to a few basic concepts SOH, CAH, TOA Sine, cosine, and tangent are graph functions The sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle (theta, written as ÃŽËœ) is found using the sides of a triangle according to the mnemonic device SOH, CAH, TOA. Sine - SOH $$\Sineâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\hypotenuse$$ Opposite = the side of the triangle directly opposite the angle ÃŽËœ Hypotenuse = the longest side of the triangle Sometimes the ACT will make you manipulate this equation by giving you the sine and the hypotenuse, but not the measure of the opposite side. Manipulate it as you would any algebraic equation: $Sine ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\hypotenuse$ = $\hypotenuse * \sine ÃŽËœ = \opposite$ Cosine - CAH $$\Cosine ÃŽËœ = \adjacent/\hypotenuse$$ Adjacent = the side of the triangle nearest the angle ÃŽËœ (that creates the angle) that is not the hypotenuse Hypotenuse = the longest side of the triangle Tangent - TOA $$\Tangentâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \opposite/\adjacent$$ Opposite = the side of the triangle directly opposite the angle ÃŽËœ Adjacent = the side of the triangle nearest the angle ÃŽËœ (that creates the angle) that is not the hypotenuse Cosecant, Secant, Cotangent Cosecant is the reciprocal of sine $\Cosecantâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \hypotenuse/\opposite$ Secant is the reciprocal of cosine $\Secantâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \hypotenuse/\adjacent$ Cotangent is the reciprocal of tangent $\Cotangentâ€Å' ÃŽËœ = \adjacent/\opposite$ Useful Formulas to Know$$\Sin^2ÃŽËœ + \Cos^2ÃŽËœ = 1$$ $${\Sin ÃŽËœ}/{\Cos ÃŽËœ} = \Tan ÃŽËœ$$ Hurray! You've memorized your formulas. Now treat yo' self. But Keep in Mind Though these are all the formulas you should memorize to do well on the ACT math section, this list by no means covers all aspects of the mathematical knowledge you’ll need on the exam. For example, you’ll also need to know your exponent rules, how to FOIL, and how to solve for absolute values. To learn more about the general mathematical topics covered by the test, see our article on what's actually tested on the ACT math section. What's Next? Now that you know the critical formulas for the ACT, it might be time to check out our article on How to an Perfect Score on the ACT Math by a 36 ACT-Scorer. Don't know where to start?Look no further than our article onwhat is considered a good, bad, or excellent ACT score. Want to improve your score by 4+ points? Our completely online and customized prep program adapts to your strengths, weaknesses, and needs. And we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 4points or more. Sign up for your free trial today. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Leadership - Essay Example Who is a Leader Though there are various different views and definitions about leader and leadership, to come to a specific consensus about who is a leader may be a difficult task. To be very simple, a leader is one who has leadership quality. A leader can either be a man or woman who has the ability to get other people to do what he likes them to do even if they don’t like to do it. As Howard Gardner noted, a leader is a person â€Å"who could get other people to what they don’t want to do and like it† (Parker and Begnaud , p. 3). A leader is expected to be able to create interaction between him and his followers involving a structuring or restructuring of the situation, perception and expectations of the his followers. When it comes to a bit broader view about leaders, they come in all different shapes and sizes. They may be young or old, men or women and regardless of caste, region, religion and so on. they are found in all different levels, like Church, Polit ics, Government, Business, House, Community and sports (Corcoran, p. 3). All different leaders at different levels possess more or less different qualities, like transformational, charismatic, situational etc. A leader is one who listens to his people, supports and encourages them to get them involved in decision making process as well as problem solving processes (Holbeche, p. 72). Based on this view, a leader is one who influences his subordinates or followers by supporting them and encouraging them so that they will be motivated to get involved in all the relevant decision making and problem solving activities. He not only listens to the concerns of his followers, but also suggests possible solutions and finds better ways to help them by solving their issues. A leader tries to get his people to follow him or her to a specific objective. A political leader has his own specific objectives or destination that he likes to motivate his people to move towards that destination. A busine ss or political leader has thus certain objective and his activities or leadership attempts will be largely influenced by his intention to lead his people towards the ultimate goal. Contemporary perspectives on Leadership Leadership is basically a quality, necessarily an inborn quality according to some academic researchers and not so according to some others. Though there are various theoretical perspectives regarding leadership, trait theories are widely discussed and are considered to be highly important in contemporary business and political landscapes. In recent years, Warren Bennis contributed much to leadership studies and researches and has strongly disagreed with the concept that leadership is an inborn quality. In contemporary leadership literatures, Warren Bennis is perhaps the most widely discussed name. According to him, â€Å"leadership is the capacity to translate vision in to reality† (Corcoran, p. 3). Warren Bennis is the founding director of American Leaders hip Forum and he has authored more than 26 books in leadership and its very related functional areas. Leaders (1986) and On Becoming a Leader (1989) are some of his best-selling book about leadership (Thomas, p. 4). Warren Bennis tried to avoid the traditional view associated with leadership thinking and the concepts of trait-theories. He argued that leaders are not just born, but are made or created through training, developmental program and

Friday, October 18, 2019

Ehtno-Drama (Drama Creation) Paper Baed on ELL(English Language Term

Ehtno-Drama (Drama Creation) Baed on ELL(English Language Learner) Interview - Term Paper Example He had to Google maps to know where to go and master the Google directions keenly not to get lost. This was because the one who brought him to America went back immediately because of problems that arose immediately after they took off from the Airport. On asking him on the initial difficulties he faced in America he said that he had problems in the English language which posed a barrier in communication. He describes an incident when he developed health issues and reported to the hospital in New Jersey. He was unable completely to communicate with the nurse at the reception. This made the nurse to confront him with a racist language. Telling him, â€Å"You immigrant why come to America and you do not know how to speak English?† Do you think we are terrorists like you? This he said made him to give up on the medication and go home. Lucky enough the health complication healed after some days without ant treatment. He further told me that from that day he enrolled for English lessons at a certain college in New Jersey so that in the future he could not face other discriminative encounters like that. He even stopped wearing his Arab clothes and wore like Americans to conceal identity on suspecting eyes. Further, on the question of a facing a different culture and how he overcome it he told me that despite the cultural differences between Qatar citizens and the Americans he coped well with it. He said that the American foods were different to theirs. Even living styles of the Americans were very different in terms of clothing, entertainment and interactions. He said that he observed that mostly the White Americans despise the Black Americans something that does not happen in Qatar. He said that the Qatar people are so friendly and welcoming to fellow citizens and foreigners. He had no problem with coping with American culture because with time he adjusted very well and become part of the citizens by making of many American friends who taught him

1. Describe briefly the roles of the different parts of the eukaryotic Essay

1. Describe briefly the roles of the different parts of the eukaryotic cells endomembrane system in the production and excretion of proteins - Essay Example The endoplasmic reticulum ensures quality control of the proteins and at the same time provides a point of accumulation of storage proteins. The reticulum is then mandated with the duty of transiting already made proteins to the Golgi apparatus (Gupta, 2009). The nuclear envelope also has some ribosomes and is responsible for newly made Glyco- proteins. The Golgi apparatus undertakes the function of making, modifying as well as binding proteins (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). This is due to the nature of its enzymes’ modification, hence known for carrying out for sulfation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation of the proteins (Karp, 2010). Some modification activities act as signals directing proteins to their respective locations, which are plasma membrane, lysosome, or for secretion (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). Lysosomes contain a variety of digestive enzymes and are responsible for digestion of proteins. In plants, vacuoles correspond to the lysosomes of animals (Karp, 2010). Prot eins that move to the plasma membrane form the lipid bilayer. They act as membrane proteins besides having varied roles in their respective locations in the cell (Eroschenko & Fiore, 2013). They regulate chemical reactions in the cell as well as uptake of molecules. They also act as carriers of molecules across the membrane and provide anchorage too. From the Golgi apparatus, there is a constitutive secretory pathway used to export the secretory proteins continuously to the extracellular matrix (Karp, 2010). Some cells however have a guarded secretory pathway. Some cells secrete regulatory proteins like hormones whereas others secrete digestive enzymes, anti -bodies or mucus (Karp,

The Role of IS Users in IS Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Role of IS Users in IS Development - Essay Example Today almost everyone old enough owns a cellular phone. This social revolution is mostly brought about by the changes in technological evolution. For many generations, the pace of technological growth was steady. Although after the breakthroughs of the 17th and 18th century, man has achieved more than it had ever done in its entire history. The pace during these two centuries was consistent and steady. The real revolution didn’t come until the mid nineteenth century. This was the first time that man had tried to use artificial computing technology to find solutions to its various problems. The possibilities to this revolution were limitless. Many different breakthroughs were made using this technology. The most amazing breakthrough was none other than the man’s quest of space. Using the mathematical abilities of computers, human beings were able to conquer space for the first time. This would not have been possible without the usage of computers. These computers were ma ny millions times slower than the processing power controlled by modern day super computers. In fact the simplest of desktop computer being used today by a seven year old, has more processing power than the computer used by NASA to send man on the moon. Nevertheless, the whole mission would not have been possible without the use of computers. The journey from computer usage by NASA to modern day smart phone is spanned over only a few decades. In this era the advancements in chip technology, both for storage and processing have given computer technology a whole new meaning. The computer was always used mostly as a giant calculator. Thus it was mostly utilized to process calculations which would otherwise be difficult for human beings to carry out themselves.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Women's Education in Utah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women's Education in Utah - Essay Example As per the Utah culture, girls should get married at a young age. Contextually, because majority of the population follows the same tradition, young girls getting engaged in house-keeping and looking after their family, restrain themselves from college education. Even though globalization and modernization has enhanced the social structure to a large extent, promoting women in various fields and encouraging them to take part in higher education in Utah, the society and its women still lack way behind in comparison to other states of United America (Madsen and Hanewicz, 1-2). This thesis will thus aim to assess the complexity of the problem barricading Utah women to pursue higher education in colleges, emphasizing two solutions and their justifications to derive a rational conclusion. COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM The major complexity associated with the identified problem of lower proportion women pursuing college education in Utah, has been the identification of the rudimental causes. N otably, developments can be witnessed in almost every prospect of the Utah society today with better health facilities, women centric non-profit programs and other governmental measures to empower women populaces for better sustainable economic growth. However, the percentage of women getting education at the college level is observed to be marginally lower than the average rate in the US states. One possible reason to this problem might be the culture of getting married at young age. Certainly, getting married at a young age may give rise to complexities owing to which, they sometimes may suffer the state of depression, which further disassociates them from studies. Additionally, it has been observed that women of Utah suffer a lot due to low self-esteem. The priority in the lives of women of Utah is their sense of responsibilities towards their family and child that has arguably curbed their interests for pursuing higher education to a certain extent. Furthermore, young girls are often observed to lack open-minded nature for growth to lead an independent life with a sense of pride. Also, the upbringing of girls in the Utah culture is performed in a family oriented manner, decreasing the value for higher education in their lives. Owing to similar reasons, women who tend to study higher education face many issues in the colleges, such as the low level of confidence, lack of motivation and support from the family mostly because of the cultural factors prevailing within the society. Additionally, due to many cultural factors and the typical mindset of the people, women with higher education have to face difficulties in getting a job in Utah. Hence, women who have the urge to groom themselves tend to move outside Utah and prefer to get education, employment and better earning opportunities in their livelihood outside the state (Jacobs, 170-177). FIRST PROPOSAL A possible solution to this problem can be done by stimulating change drivers in the social structure of Utah to discourage marriage at a very young age, by giving more importance to women education and by motivating them to realize their importance in every aspect of life. The problem can also be resolved by creating awareness in Utah for women to seek postsecondary credentials and grades for convenient wage careers, successful household- and homebuilding, involvement in society as an educated community associate, and also for personal satisfaction. In addition, steps can be taken to encourage distance education so that women can keep a balance between their family and education facing lesser hindrances from the society. It is also recommended that the Governor’s office should form and promote a Utah Centre for Women and Higher Education which will be used as a â€Å"

Science of Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science of Sustainability - Essay Example Societies in the past have completely deprived themselves of natural resources they needed to survive, such as deforesting islands (Diamond 93), and with the human population topping 7 billion people, we need to ensure that we sustain the natural resources we need to survive. Question 2: The difference between short-term sustainable development, for instance, attempting to develop sustainably for 100 years, and long term sustainable development which can work forever, is the understanding of the fact that some resources are truly finite, and will not realistically be replenished (short of looking at the earth on geological time scales). The best examples of this are probably oil and coal. If one talks about the century from 1900 to 2000, oil was used in a sustainable way – it did not run out during that period. However, that does not mean that the use was truly sustainable: it could not be kept up for another 100 years. Coal is in a similar situation at the moment, with many p eople predicting it could last anywhere from another hundred to four hundred years (Energy Watch Group). This lulls us into a sense of security regarding these resources. The problem, however, is that this is not truly sustainable. The only things that are truly sustainable are those that are consumed at the same rate as the earth produces them or slightly slower – and things like coal and oil will never fit this description. True, long-term sustainability must come from renewability, while short-term sustainability can come from almost any resource, depending on the time frame. Question 3: Many things can be done at a variety of levels in order to promote sustainability. In some ways, all of this comes down to personal choices – if everyone on earth lived in a sustainable way, the human population would be sustainable. On the individual level, the easiest things to do are conserve, reuse and recycle. However, it is important at every level to interact with the levels above you, so for an individual it is also important to combine with your community to promote sustainable lifestyles, engage with politicians and so on. I believe that communities have a role in creating sustainability especially through food production and coming together to support local agriculture. In the upper echelons, the state, federal, and international levels, much of sustainability comes down to money and willingness to use it in the right ways: giving tax breaks to companies that function sustainably or develop techniques to others who do so while taxing and regulating industries that fail to. Governments also need to fund research and development into sustainable technologies and fuels. Question 4: Human innovation has done a great deal to increase human standard of living in a variety of ways. Large-scale food production and transportation networks have let to more nutritional availability (though some people refuse to use this, while others abuse it and overeat). Med icine and information technology have especially led to improved standards of living – only a couple of hundred of years ago people died

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Women's Education in Utah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women's Education in Utah - Essay Example As per the Utah culture, girls should get married at a young age. Contextually, because majority of the population follows the same tradition, young girls getting engaged in house-keeping and looking after their family, restrain themselves from college education. Even though globalization and modernization has enhanced the social structure to a large extent, promoting women in various fields and encouraging them to take part in higher education in Utah, the society and its women still lack way behind in comparison to other states of United America (Madsen and Hanewicz, 1-2). This thesis will thus aim to assess the complexity of the problem barricading Utah women to pursue higher education in colleges, emphasizing two solutions and their justifications to derive a rational conclusion. COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM The major complexity associated with the identified problem of lower proportion women pursuing college education in Utah, has been the identification of the rudimental causes. N otably, developments can be witnessed in almost every prospect of the Utah society today with better health facilities, women centric non-profit programs and other governmental measures to empower women populaces for better sustainable economic growth. However, the percentage of women getting education at the college level is observed to be marginally lower than the average rate in the US states. One possible reason to this problem might be the culture of getting married at young age. Certainly, getting married at a young age may give rise to complexities owing to which, they sometimes may suffer the state of depression, which further disassociates them from studies. Additionally, it has been observed that women of Utah suffer a lot due to low self-esteem. The priority in the lives of women of Utah is their sense of responsibilities towards their family and child that has arguably curbed their interests for pursuing higher education to a certain extent. Furthermore, young girls are often observed to lack open-minded nature for growth to lead an independent life with a sense of pride. Also, the upbringing of girls in the Utah culture is performed in a family oriented manner, decreasing the value for higher education in their lives. Owing to similar reasons, women who tend to study higher education face many issues in the colleges, such as the low level of confidence, lack of motivation and support from the family mostly because of the cultural factors prevailing within the society. Additionally, due to many cultural factors and the typical mindset of the people, women with higher education have to face difficulties in getting a job in Utah. Hence, women who have the urge to groom themselves tend to move outside Utah and prefer to get education, employment and better earning opportunities in their livelihood outside the state (Jacobs, 170-177). FIRST PROPOSAL A possible solution to this problem can be done by stimulating change drivers in the social structure of Utah to discourage marriage at a very young age, by giving more importance to women education and by motivating them to realize their importance in every aspect of life. The problem can also be resolved by creating awareness in Utah for women to seek postsecondary credentials and grades for convenient wage careers, successful household- and homebuilding, involvement in society as an educated community associate, and also for personal satisfaction. In addition, steps can be taken to encourage distance education so that women can keep a balance between their family and education facing lesser hindrances from the society. It is also recommended that the Governor’s office should form and promote a Utah Centre for Women and Higher Education which will be used as a â€Å"

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Geology - Essay Example Because of these concerns, the prominent changes, at least many of it, occur so in the arctic region. The basis for this is strong positive feedback associated with occurs with ice and snow melt. As a fact, ice and snow are highly reflective and white, for this reason, when the ground or ocean beneath is revealed more absorption occurs. This leads to further warmingfurther melting etc Clearly the level of warming currently occurring in the arctic is having an enormous impact on the region and the magnitude of further warming is set to be disastrous for the region. Thus, the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) states: "The reduction in sea ice is very likely to have devastating consequences for polar bears, ice-dependant seals, and local people for whom these animals are the primary source of food." The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the world's largest species of bear and the largest land predator. There is a great difference in size between male and female polar bears, with the males (350-800 kg) weighing more than twice as much as the females (150-300 kg). Their body weight varies considerably during the season - especially female bears which can often double in weight between early spring and late summer. Compared to other bear species, the polar bear has a relatively small, long and narrow head, smaller and shorter fur-covered ears, and shorter, more powerful claws. Its longer predatory teeth and sharper molars have helped polar bears adapt to the arctic climate and its almost exclusively carnivorous lifestyle. The polar bear is the youngest species of bear and is closely related to the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis). In the wild, polar bears normally live to be 20-30 years old. Both males and females mature at the age of four to five years. Females often give birth to their first litter of cubs when they reach maturity, while males do not usually start mating until they are between eight to ten years old. Mating takes place in April-May, but delayed implantation (the fertilised egg stops developing at an early stage) means that foetal development does not commence until September-October. During late autumn, females go into hibernation and remain there for approximately four months. At about the beginning of January, between one and three cubs are born (depending on the mother's age and condition). The newborn cubs are extremely small, weighing only about half a kilo, but they grow rapidly due to the high fat content of their mother's milk. The cubs stay with the mother until they are two-and-a-half years old. The cub infant mortality rate is high and can exceed 70%. Only about a third of cubs r each the age of two. The polar bear is a circumpolar species and is found in arctic regions where there is access to sea ice throughout much of the year. Polar bear populations are found in Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, the Russian Arctic, the Norwegian Arctic and on the ice surrounding the North Pole. The global population of polar bears consists of roughly 20,000-25,000 individuals spread between 19 sub-populations. However, polar bears wander across enormous distances, so there are no major genetic differences between these populations. The distribution of polar bears in their habitat is far from even and is highly dependent on the availability of their prey. In the central areas of the polar icecap there is only very limited access to prey, and the density of polar bear

Monday, October 14, 2019

Discussing The Practice Of Manually Measuring Blood Pressure Nursing Essay

Discussing The Practice Of Manually Measuring Blood Pressure Nursing Essay In this assignment I have chosen to discuss a manual blood pressure a clinical skill in which I have become competent in practising. Developing the ability to perform a practical skill safely is necessary for all nursing students (Nursing and Midwifery Council NMC 2008). I will reflect on this skill using a reflective model I will be using the Gibbs model (1998) which consists of five elements description, feelings, evaluation, analysis conclusion and a action plan. I have chosen this skill as in all the clinical placements I have been placed in blood pressure monitoring has always been used but the electronic method preferred. While observing other healthcare professionals performing this skill I have encountered different standards and conflicting evidence. Having both the skills and the knowledge of how to take a manual blood pressure is essential for patient safety (NMC 2008). Achieving competence in this area has become more difficult since the introduction of the electronic BP monitors. I have researched the topic of blood pressure monitoring to give myself a greater knowledge. The patient was an 86 year old gentleman with hypertension (see Profile). High blood pressure is a very common condition in modern society if left undetected can lead to life threatening conditions (British Hypertension Society BHS 2009). It is estimated that 6.5% of patients have been wrongly diagnosed as hypersensitive having their blood pressure taken using an electronic method (Coe and Houghton 2002). Having the skill of taking a manual blood pressure is important for patientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s safety and health. Description I was asked by my mentor while in clinical placement to perform a manual blood pressure. The electronic method that was usually used was faulty and an accurate reading could not be obtained. As a student nurse I had been taught the skill in university and practiced on fellow students but not had much opportunity to perform the skill on placement. Following a discussion with my mentor I collected the equipment to make sure it was all available and in working order. I returned to the patient and asked if I could carry out the procedure and washed my hands before starting. I then assessed the position of the patient to make sure I had access and that he had no restricting clothing on and that he was in a comfortable position. Placing a pillow under his elbow I placed a medium sized blood pressure cuff on the upper arm of the patient. The cuff was centred using the arrow on the cuff over the brachial artery. I then located the brachial pulse and placed my fingers over the pulse. Making sure the valve of the bladder was closed I inflated the blood pressure cuff until I could no longer feel the pulse, this is the estimated systolic pressure I then deflated the cuff. Leaving for a few seconds before continuing I located the brachial pulse again and placed the diaphragm of the stethoscope over this point. I inflated the cuff again to the estimated systolic I have previously gained adding 30mmhg. When reaching this point I began to deflate the cuff slowly and listen for the first beat or korotoff sounds. This would give me the systolic pressure and then continued to listen for the last beat which is the diastolic pressure. The last beat was very hard to listen for as the patient in the next bed began to cough so had to inflate the cuff again and listen until I could confirm the reading. After finishing the procedure I left the patient comfortable and went to clean the equipment, to document and report the result to my mentor. After performing the skill on the patient my mentor asked me to perform the skill on her to give me more practice after explaining to her I had not had much experience. While doing this she advised me on tips that would help me improve practice. She suggested that if the area was noisy that I could watch for a slight flicker on the needle of the sphygmomanometer to identify the first and last beat. Another tip was that I could use the radial artery instead of the brachial artery. My mentor also mentioned to make sure that the patient did not have their legs crossed. Feelings After this procedure I felt that I had performed the skill well even though I had not had a lot of practice performing the skill. Being asked to do the manual blood pressure I initially had reservation at whether I was competent at the procedure but think this was just lack of confidence. On reflection I would have had more confidence in myself if I had more opportunity to practice the skill in clinical practice. Evaluation A positive outcome is that I now feel more confident to perform the skill of taking a manual blood pressure accurately. Having performed the skill on my mentor after performing on the patient and being given tips that would improve my practice has given me the confidence to perform the skill. I also now have a better knowledge of the evidence based practice of taking a manual blood pressure after reading about the subject and the importance of accurately measuring the blood pressure. This includes different factor that can affect blood pressure and prevent from obtaining an accurate reading. However the negative of the situation is the manual blood pressure monitoring is not widely used in some clinical areas and they are heavily reliant on the electronic method. Analysis My mentor asked me to perform the manual blood pressure because the electronic method was not obtaining a reading. Discussing the procedure before with her gave me confidence to perform the skill, and the importance of being able to perform the skill accurately. Having a holistic approach this is one of the skills of looking at the whole patients and not just certain aspects. Being a holistic nurse is having the knowledge and theories behind the skill. Having the evidence based practice knowing what can affect the blood pressure and taking these factors into consideration. Collecting the equipment before starting the procedure making sure that it is all in working order before hand helps make sure that you are going to obtain a correct reading. Assessing the environment before starting the procedure doing a risk assessment making sure you have adequate access to the patient will help to improve practice. Gaining consent from the patient before beginning the procedure is following the nursing and midwifery code (2008). Gaining consent from a patient must be done before any clinical procedure is commenced and patients have the right to refuse treatment or care and a nurse must respect the wishes of the patient. Gaining consent helps to ensure the patient understands the procedure that is being performed. Washing hands before a procedure using the ayliffe technique encourages good practice (World Health Organisation 2002). Using evidence based research it has been discovered that cross infection between patients has reduced with the introduction of the wash your hands campaign (NSPA 2008). Making sure that the patient does not have any restrictive clothing on the arms and that the arm is supported at heart level. Evidence has show that blood pressure can be 10 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 12 mmhg higher when the blood pressure is taken with the arm dangling giving a false high reading (Mallett Dougherty 2008). Using the correct size cuff is very important as using the incorrect cuff can give a false reading (Perry Potter 2007). Making sure the cuff fits snugly on the upper arm covering about 80% of the arm (BHS 2009). Using the arrow on the cuff help to centre the cuff in the correct place and help to locate the brachial artery which is situated in the crook of the arm. Covering only 80% of the arm also gives enough access to use the stethoscope not doing this may result in the sounds not being able to be heard adequately. Locating the brachial pulse and feeling for until it disappears this is the estimated systolic and adding 30mmhg to the pressure when inflated (Baillie 2005) this is so unnecessary pressure is not added to the arm while the skill is being performed. Using the radial artery instead of the brachial artery does give better access and I have found that it is easier to find on most patients. Using the tips given to me by my mentor I know feel that I have the knowledge to accurately perform a manual blood pressure. Gain supporting evidence from The Royal Marsden Manual (Mallett Dougherty 2008) and other sources has helped me to improve my practice which has given me more confidence to perform this skill with accuracy and competence. Conclusion I am pleased that I was given the opportunity by my mentor to improve my practice in performing the skill of taking a manual blood pressure. I am now more confident in performing the skill and can understand the importance of providing an accurate reading. The measuring of a manual blood pressure is an important skill and the evidence based practice is also a vital part of the procedure. When checking a blood pressure the most accurate method to use is a manual blood pressure (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE 2004) Action Plan I am going to take every opportunity where possible to perform manual blood pressure monitoring as I feel that I am confident and competent enough to do so. Having this skill means that if electronic medical devices fail that I have the ability to carry on with my duties and will not affect patient care. The knowledge that I have gained from my mentor about the tips on performing a manual blood pressure I can pass on to my fellow students and other health care professionals and they can also improve their knowledge and performance on taking a manual blood pressure. In doing this I can hopefully improve patient care and make the care more individual to the patent. Words 1,634

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Supernatural Imagery Depicted in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Analyti

Shakespeare uses the supernatural in many different forms during the course of Macbeth to create an atmosphere and add drama, tension and interest to the story. Many of the supernatural images which appear in the play are based on the beliefs and superstitions of those around Shakespeare’s time who would have gone to see his plays. The theme of supernatural forces and beings occurs at many different points during the play, allowing a common thread to be recognized by the audience. The supernatural imagery that Shakespeare uses can be interpreted at many different levels by members of the audience who would have ranged from royalty to working class. Shakespeare integrates the theme of supernatural occurrences throughout each act in a variety of ways. Some of the most obvious supernatural images appear in the first act with the witches who set an atmosphere for the rest of the play. The self-proclaimed â€Å"weird sisters†, are seen throughout the story as a source of evil, their prophesies lead Macbeth to his downfall in â€Å"deepest consequence†, as Banquo had warned. However, there ...

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Reaction in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Reaction in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth It goes without saying that we all react to the experiences that we have. What differs from person to person is how those experiences affect our being and what each of us takes from those experiences and how we apply it to our lives from that point on. We see this happening not only in our own lives, but also in literature. The characters from Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth and those from Milton’s Paradise Lost show, through their conflicts, that the experiences that they are exposed to affect their lives in a negative way. In all three of these pieces of literature, the reactions the characters have to their experiences are what bring about their ultimate demise. Unfortunately, these characters don’t realize the error of their actions until it’s too late, but we, as the audience, can learn from the mistakes we see the characters make in Hamlet, Macbeth and Paradise Lost. Hamlet was forced to endure many painful experiences, and the ways in which he chose to react to those experiences are what largely contributed to the tragedy. In his essay dealing with Hamlet and the loss of innocence, Godshalk claims that â€Å"the prince...begins the play dreaming of innocence and personal integrity, and in the course of action, this innocence and integrity are severely compromised.† (221) This is indeed true, as the experiences that Hamlet is forced to endure whittle away at his innocence, and as he reacts to these experiences, he is driven by his reactions to act in a way where he must abandon his integrity. The death of King Hamlet took a toll on Young Hamlet, inducing grief and sorrow to the mourning son. In fact, it seemed that just two months after the King’s death, Hamlet was the only one left feeling any kind of sorrow. The experience of losing a loved one, especially his father, was too much for Hamlet and he was too grief stricken in th e eyes of some, Claudius especially. Claudius inquired of Hamlet, â€Å"How is it that the clouds still hang on you?† (1.2.66) Claudius seems to think that Hamlet has little reason to still be grieving over the death of his father. Claudius continues: ‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father:

Friday, October 11, 2019

Occurrence Of Malnutrition In Children Health And Social Care Essay

The childhood period is the most of import phase for the overall development during the lifetime. Brain and biological development takes topographic point at this phase Muller and Jahn, 2009. These developments are influenced by sufficient of stimulation and nutrition, and this development affects of build, the immune system, knowledge, every bit good as societal and emotional growing ( Handal et al. 2007 ) . Such development helps to guarantee that each kid reaches his or her possible and is a productive member of society ( Uthman, 2009 ) . When kids waste their early old ages with a decreased sum of motivation, or a less emotionally and physically encouraging environment encephalon development is affected and leads to cognitive, societal and behavioural holds. Many factors can disrupt early kid development such as malnutrition ( WHO, 2009 ) . The nutritionary position of kids is a important presentation of wellness and development ; it is non merely a representation of past wellnes s but an of import index of future wellness ( Subramanyam et al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is one of the of import wellness jobs throughout the universe, peculiarly in developing states ( Sarifzadeh et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is an of import public wellness job because it leads to increased hazard of decease from infective diseases, more terrible infections and a high cause of mortality, and making extra psychosocial loads ( Jesminet al. 2011 ) . Malnutrition is a status doing scrawny growing, scraggy, and blowing ( Faber et al. 2010 ; Subramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et al.2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ) . Malnutrition can be detected by anthropometric measurings were height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) and weight-for-height ( WHZ ) is measured against a set of WHO child and growing criterions and NCHS/WHO mention ( Hioui et al. 2010 ; Lesiapeto et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition degrees are still high in developing states around the universe ( Sunil, 2009 ) , an estimated cachexia 9.8 % , scraggy 17.9 % and stunting 29.2 % ( WHO, 2009 ) , included Indonesia. Harmonizing to the WHO ‘s reported prevalence of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age during the twelvemonth 2007 in Indonesia 19.6 % are scraggy, 40.1 % stunted, 14.8 % showed cachexia and 11.2 % were overweight. Many factors can be associated with the happening of malnutrition in kids. For illustration, inadequate wellness services and an unhealthy environment ( Schoeman et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) , socio-cultural environments ( Mashalet al.2008 ; Noughani & A ; Bagheri, 2010 ) , socioeconomic, maternal, and child factors ( Lesiapeto et al.2010 ; Hasselman et al.2006 ) , and socio-demographic factors ( Phengxay et al. 2007 ; Handal et al. 2007 ) . An apprehension of the most of import causes of malnutrition is imperative to be identified and an analysis would so bespeak more specii ¬?cally the type of policies, wellness plans and where resources should be directed to right the root causes of inequality in childhood malnutrition ( Lesiapetoet al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ) .Statement of the jobThere are many factors that can act upon the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are child factors, female parent factors, and family factors.Research aimThe chief aim in this research is to happen out the major factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age.Chapter IIReview of Relevant LiteratureDefinitionMalnutrition is a status manifested by stunting, being scraggy, and blowing if his/her tallness for age ( HAZ ) , weight for age ( WAZ ) and weight for tallness ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergences ( SDs ) below the mention median ( Lesiapeto et al. 2010 ; Sub ramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et Al. 2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller, 2009 ) . Stunting is characterized by shortness-for-age or step of additive growing deceleration, an index of chronic malnutrition and calculated by comparing the height-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Wasting is a contemplation of a recent and terrible procedure that has led to significant weight loss, normally associated with famishment and/or disease ; calculated by comparing weight-for-height of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ; indicates the acute degree of malnutrition or the current nutritionary position of kids and frequently used to measure the badness of the exigencies because it is strongly related to mortality ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Underweight is measured by comparing the weight-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed, composite step that indicates both acute and chronic malnutrition in kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) .Factors act uponing the happening of malnutritionBase on the literature reexamine the factors act uponing the happening malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are ; Child factors The kid factors are act uponing the happening of malnutrition are suckling, age of the kid, size at birth, sex of kid, hazardous birth interval ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Mother factors The female parent factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are female parent ‘s age, female parent ‘s business, female parent ‘s instruction, and matrimonial position ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Family factors The family factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are topographic point of abode, part, house sanitation, H2O beginning, and figure of kids in the house ( Uthman, 2009 ) .Research hypothesisIs there any relationship between, kid factors, female parent factors, and family factors with happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age.Research inquiryWhat is the most dominant factor act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age?Conceptual ModelChild factors:AgeSexual activityBreastfeedingMothers Factors:AgeEducationOccupationFamily Factors:RearingHouse sanitationChild malnutrition:StuntingWastingUnderweightFigure 1. Thesis program conceptual model adopted from UNICEF ( 1997 )Operational definitionMalnutrition in kids is the kid under five old ages of age who has diagnosed malnutrition by Department of Health in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Child factors are the factor in a kids related to age, sex and chest eating of the kids. Mother factors are the factors related to age, instruction, and business of the female parents in the household. Family factors are the factors related to house sanitation and rearing theoretical account in the household.Chapter IIIMethods and ProceduresMethodologyResearch design Research design in this survey is cross-sectional. A cross-sectional survey is one of the most common and well-known survey designs. In this type of research survey, either the full population or a subset thereof is selected, and from these persons, informations are collected to assist reply the research inquiries. The information that is gathered represents what is traveling on at merely one point in clip ( Ollsen and George, 2004 ) . Population and sample Population in this research is households who have kids under five old ages of age in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The focal point samples are households who have kids under five old ages of age with diagnosed malnutrition in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Sampling technique in this research is utilizing a purposive sample. The sample choice is based on these features: Inclusion Standards Children under five old ages old who live with their household Family who willing to take portion in the survey Family in West Nusa Tenggara Province Sample Size Puting This research will be take topographic point in households at West Nusa Tenggara Province Measurement The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2. , to mensurate the informations about kid factors, female parents factors, and family factors will be utilizing inquirers. Because of this instrument used English linguistic communication, the research worker will interpret and so formalize by transcribers who were expert in both the English and Indonesia languages to guarantee equivalence the instrument in Indonesia linguistic communication. The instrument will be test dependability by utilizing with the similar samples, and guarantee that it is applicable with Indonesian people before roll uping informations. Ethical Consideration Ethical blessing should be granted by KU foremost. Then, a permission to make the research at the provincial and territory wellness offices, community wellness centres and voluntary are required. Participant information sheet ( PIS ) , namelessness, confidentiality, and informed concsent will be used to protect sample and the research worker.Plan for informations aggregationThe information about households who have kids under five old ages of age with malnutrition collected from section of wellness in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2, and expressed as z-scores for each of the anthropometric indices of malnutrition against both the new WHO child growing criterions and the older NCHS/WHO mention. A kid was defined as stunted, scraggy or wasted if his/her height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) or weight-for-height ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergence s ( SDs ) below the mention median. Direct interview with a set of questionnaires will be used to roll up informations from the households related with child factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors.Plan for informations analysisTo measure factors of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age utilizing multivariate analysis and was performed utilizing Eview 4.0. Eview provide sophisticated information analysis, arrested development, and prediction tools on a Windows base computing machine. The multivariate analysis will take into history the hierarchal relationships between kid factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors with kids malnutrition. There will be calculated utilizing logistic arrested development.A survey budgetNo Items Amount/ figure Estimation Price ( in Rupiah ) 1 Paper A4 70 GSM 5 ream @ 50.000 = 250.000 2 Transcript of inquirer 5 @ 100 @ 100 = 50.000 3 Printer ink 4 colourss @ 40,000 = 160.000 4 Transportation fee 2.500.000 5 Small gift for participant 100 @ 10.000 = 1.000.000 Entire 3.960.000 rupiahTimetableActivity 2012 2013 jun July August September October November December January February March April jun July August September Identify the job Find the relevan literature reappraisal Sum up an analyze the literature Start composing proposal Defense proposal Ask for ethical issues Roll uping informations Analyzing informations Write chapter 4 and 5 Thesis defence Prepare for publication